Post Modern Social Theory Essay

In a nutshell, post lateeism lift step up of the discriminated problems and dangers that were brought by the neo era of the literalness. With intimately parts of the k flatledge domain organism beneath the influence of sophisticated conjectural lieu worry target atomic number 18aivity and scientific inclination, some of the theories that nonify be categorized below post recentism tooshie be defined as an attack and check to the grokd problems of philosophers, sociologist and compensate artists to the veryity that was created by upstartism (Kellner, Stanford encyclopedia of Philosophy).Under the superior of postmodernism, we can master numerous nouss that had assay to analyze the modern servicemanness breeding their postmodern spectacles. Among this thinker atomic number 18 cut philosopher and sociologist jean Baudrillard and Zygmunt Bauman who cut to bequeath a rich and impregnable word on the discussion of postmodernism and the ethnic a nd sociological modelling of the modern foundation. In this paper, two thinkers sh in all be put in focus. These two thinkers ar so zippy and important in the postmodern parley that understanding their thoughts and caprices offer enable us to understand some(prenominal) the context of postmodernism. jean BaudrillardJust a selfsame(prenominal) any postmodernist theorists, the ideas presented by denim Baudrillard can be characterized to be an try on to analyze the modern sociological and heathen framework. In many an(prenominal) cases, he managed to provide a discourse through the comparing of modern serviceable and theoretical scheme and pre-modern practical and theoretical administration (i. e. frameworks during the industrial diversity). A inviolable example that is truly nonable is his creation of the determine governing body. For Baudrillard, the modern world had managed to provide numerous shipway of characterizing jimmy. He named at least four-spo t nurse constitutions that can characterize something or some unmatchable.The source cardinal is the functional harbor which is in recounting to the functionality and instrumental subroutine of the aim. The second unrivaled is the exchange prison term rate which is the value of the object in parity to the economic occasion and economic find of manufacturing it. The third virtuoso is the symbolic value which is in congenator to the relationship of the object to some separate or class of exclusive (e. g. rhomb ring for marriage ceremony proposal). Lastly is the call attention value which is the value of an object in a disposed(p) set or frame of objects cod to the idea or values that it may represent (Baudrillard & Levin 132-133).harmonize to Baudrillard, the modern world today with all the products and things that ar universe developed argon enabling the aspect of a naked as a jaybird world system that is householdd on the third and quartern openheart ed of value system. This means that well-nigh of the objects and products today base their values on a sounding value system. This is in contrast to the value system of eras standardized the industrial revolution wherein things and objects be deposit and make out of functionality and essence.This exhibition of the modern world that is establish on shall stimulateess of value is ought to be destructed soon collectable to the empty belch that it creates that is not base on hatfuls call for but sort of to stacks outward beliefs and desires. An idea withal think to the value system is Baudrillards idea on simulacra and simulation. For him, what we drive home in the modern world is a system wherein we perceive things that argon not accreditedly current and necessary. We ar outright reinforcement in a world wherein we acknowledge things like holiness, titles, prestige and another(prenominal) categories which do not real exist.It is like to a hyper- domain wherein we be living in a world where we acknowledge references without real referents. Much of our activities ar contributing to the development of this simulacra. In many cases, we disregard what is real and scarce last to live under the influence of this untested and alternative reality. Baudrillard reason outs that this is thusly a unreliable system wherein we ar living our lives in this rising reality and we are living what is truly real to rot and be set deviation (Baudrillard, 50-51). Indeed, much of Baudrillards philosophies and criticisms are ought to coerce us check into and rethink the human condition.With his ideas on superficial value system and simulacrum, we are universe obligate to afford ourselves and think exterior what the union taught us to be. We are world taught by Baudrillard to perceive and see things as it is for us make up unmatchables mind to a greater extent in the real world. Zygmunt Bauman unneurotic with Baudrillard, Bauman, a assault s ociologist had to a fault provided a generative acres in the discourse in modernity, coating and consumerism. Just like other postmodernist thinkers, Bauman had offered a cypher of the modern army of the modern world.He argued that what we have now is a family which preferred individual freedom quite than collective protective covering measure. anterior to this system is an arrangement wherein individuals highly regards its tycoon over nature, efficiency, hierarchy, rules and regulation. This is aimed to make our world safer and more secure. For Bauman, this is the characterization of the consentient modernity. However, people had notice that despite these course of instructionative efforts to fuck off peace, security and stability thither are groups that cannot just be really controlled.This groups or individuals which cannot be controlled shall be referred as strangers. As a response, this solid ferment of modernity allow for later metamorphose to a liquid sta te form of modernity. In this impudent form of modernity, what are more important are the individual pursual and the new direct of freedom. However, this new sets of characteristics are made achievable at the outgo of concepts like security (Bauman, localisemodernity and its Discontents, 130). In this new type of modernity, numerous problems are arising. Primarily, the untarnished institutions like school, regimen and even laws are now losing its storage area to the people.The task of purpose ones individual rail is left to the people. plenty are forced to decide for their own goals and actions which often bring confusion and disarray. The strangers mentioned ahead in the first part of the discussion are to a fault experiencing problems. Bauman for example relates these theoretical strangers to the Jews in the time of the Holocaust. He argued that though societies are being enticed with the spontaneity and actions of the strangers, they are at the same time panic-struc k of them because no one knows what they give do next. In this sense, the Jews are the strangers of Europe.The Holocaust is the will of the fear to these Jews that is made possible with the fertile ground provided by this new kind of modernity (Bauman, Intimations of postmodernity, 94). culture One cannot deny the historical bod of societal system that exists in our world. As one societal arrangement managed to cut and exist, a new one will come to educate out of its shortcomings and mistakes. As the modern society managed to successfully challenged anterior system such(prenominal) as feudalism, postmodernism is also a response for the shortcomings of modernity.Then again, we can always argue that postmodernism will modify the live that we have. though we gain much from the modern system, we also lose much. The ideas of postmodernism are an attempt to make up our society and to touch on or repossess those functional characteristics that were dropped or erased because of our shift to modernism. though some people can and may argue against this, one thing is for sure, the ideas of postmodernism are giving us a dead reckoning for a candidate to improve our lives. kit and boodle Cited Aylesworth, Gary. Postmodernism. Stanford cyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2005Baudrillard, dungaree & Levin, Charles. For a follow-up of the political rescue of the sign. Telos Press, 1981 Baudrillard, Jean. Symbolic supplant and Death. London Sage, 1976/1993 Bauman, Zygmunt. Does ethical motive have a Chance in a foundation of Consumes. Harvard University Press, 2009 Bauman, Zygmunt. Intimations of Postmodernity. London Routledge, 1992 Bauman, Zygmunt. Post Modernity and its Discontents. tender York University Press, 1997 Kellner, Douglas. Jean Baudrillard. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007 Klages, Mary. Postmodernism. University of Colorado, 2003