U-2 Incident :: essays research papers

On May 1, 1960, fourteen days before the United States-Soviet Summit in Paris, a U-2 high height observation plane was destroyed while flying a spy crucial the Soviet Union. The Eisenhower organization had to take ownership of the mission, furthermore, Khrushchev dropped the Paris Summit. As a result, The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union proceeded for more than 30 years. Not long after the finish of World War II, United States furthermore, the Soviet Union rose as the two superpowers. These two previous wartime partners got themselves secured a battle that came to be known as the Cold War. Eisenhower saw the Cold War in distinct good terms: "This is a war of light against murkiness, opportunity against servitude, Godliness against atheism." Be that as it may, the President would not attempt a push to "roll back" Soviet additions in the years after WW II. Right off the bat in his organization he grasped an arrangement of control as the foundation of his organization's Soviet strategy. Eisenhower dismissed the idea of a "fortress America" disconnected from the remainder of the world, safe behind its atomic shield. He accepted that dynamic US commitment in world issues was the best methods for introducing the guarantee of vote based system to countries powerless to the infringement of Soviet-supported socialism. Also, Eisenhower kept up that exchange between the US and the Soviet Association was critical to the security of the whole globe, regardless of whether, all the while, each side was adding to its heap of atomic weapons. The demise of Soviet pioneer Joseph Stalin, two months into the Eisenhower administration, offered ascend to any expectations of a progressively adaptable, obliging Soviet administration. In 1953, Eisenhower conveyed a discourse underscoring the likely human expense of the Cold War to the two sides. Planning to send out an increasingly good vibe with Georgi Malenkov, Stalin's replacement, Eisenhower recommended the Soviets stop their bold extension of region and impact in return for American collaboration and altruism. The Soviets reacted coolly to the discourse, particularly to the US's emphasis on free races for German unification, self-assurance for Eastern Europe, and a Korean cease-fire. The different sides would not meet up close and personal until the Geneva Summit of 1955. At the Summit, Eisenhower declared, "I came to Geneva since I accept humankind yearns for opportunity from war what's more, the bits of gossip about war. I came here on the grounds that my enduring confidence in the fair impulses and great feeling of the individuals who populate this universe of ours." In this soul of cooperative attitude, Eisenhower introduced the Soviets with his Open Skies proposition. In it he suggested that each side give full portrayals of all their military offices and take into consideration aeronautical assessments to safeguard the data was right. The Soviets dismissed the proposition.

Bird Characteristics - Animals and Wildlife - About.com

Winged creature Characteristics - Animals and Wildlife - About.com Winged creatures are unparalleled in their order of the skies. Gooney birds skim significant distances over the untamed ocean, hummingbirds float still in mid-air, and falcons dip down to catch prey with pinpoint exactness. Be that as it may, not all flying creatures are aerobatic specialists. A few animal categories, for example, kiwis and penguins, lost their capacity to fly quite a while in the past for ways of life fit more for land or water. Winged creatures are vertebrates, which implies that they are among those creatures that have a spine. They go in size from the moment Cuban Bee Hummingbird (Calypte helena) to the terrific Ostrich (Struthio camelus). Winged creatures are endothermic and by and large, keep up internal heat levels in the scope of 40Â °C-44Â °C (104Â °F-111Â °F), however this changes among species and relies upon the action level of the individual fledgling. Flying creatures are the main gathering of creatures to have plumes. Plumes are utilized in flight yet additionally give flying creatures different advantages, for example, temperature guideline and hue (for show and disguise purposes). Plumes are made of a protein called keratin, a protein that is likewise found in mammalian hair and reptilian scales. The stomach related framework in flying creatures is straightforward yet effective (empowering them to go food through their framework rapidly to limit the additional load of undigested food and the time it takes to extricate vitality from their food). Food goes through the pieces of a feathered creatures stomach related framework in the accompanying request before it is discharged: throat - thin cylinder that conveys food to the yield crop - a sack-like enlarging of the stomach related tract where food can be put away briefly proventriculus - the primary office of a flying creatures stomach where food is separated by stomach related proteins gizzard - the second office of a winged creatures stomach where food is ground up by strong activity and little stones or coarseness (ingested by the feathered creatures) digestion tracts - tubes that keep on removing supplements from food after it has gone through the gizzard Refs: Attenborough, David. 1998. The Life of Birds. London: BBC Books.Sibley, David Allen. 2001. The Sibley Guide to Bird Life Behavior. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.The University of California, Berkely. 2006 (Accessed Online). Exhibition hall of Paleontology.

Looking Back at Rodney King and the L.A. Riots

Glancing Back at Rodney King and the L.A. Mobs Rodney King turned into an easily recognized name after pictures surfaced of him ending a perilous beating by four white cops from the Los Angeles police division in 1992. After the four cops were absolved by a jury,â a fierce uprisingâ broke out in Los Angeles, enduring more than five days, and leaving in excess of 50 individuals dead and thousands harmed. A Brutal beating On March 3, 1991, 25-year-old Rodney King was leaving an occasion via vehicle with his companions when a squad car on his tail spurred him to endeavor to escape at 100 miles for every hour. As per Kings account, he continued driving as opposed to pulling over in light of the fact that he was disregarding the details of his parole-from an earlier theft by drinking and he needed to stay away from issue with the police. Rather, he continued driving and set off a fast pursue that finished when he pulled over. As King ventured out of the vehicle with his hands up police educated him to jump on the ground and they started beating him with their twirly doos. Between four officials, King was struck at any rate multiple times and got at any rate 11 breaks. Almost pounded the life out of, King was hurried to the closest medical clinic where specialists worked on him for five hours.â â Fortunately for King, a spectator named George Holiday had been ignoring the overhang during the severe beating and recordedâ the episode. The following day, Holiday took the recording to the neighborhood TV channel. The shock and reaction from the officials activities was huge to such an extent that Rodney King was discharged from the clinic four days laterâ with no official charges recorded against him. Conviction On March 15, 1991, Sergeant Stacey Koon and officials Laurence Michael Powell, Timothy Wind, and Theodore Briseno were arraigned by a Los Angeles terrific jury regarding the beating. Somewhat more than two months after the fact, the fantastic jury chose not to arraign the 17 officials who were there at the hour of King’s beating however sat idle. The four officials blamed for beating King were absolved on April 29,1992. A brutal uprisingâ began in South Central Los Angeles. A truck driver, uninvolved in King’s case, was beaten and the recording was gotten on tape by a passing helicopter. The civic chairman proclaimed a highly sensitive situation and the representative asked for the National Guard to help law requirement authorities. During that time 1,100 Marines, 600 Army fighters, and 6,500 National Guard troops watched the lanes of Los Angeles. Shattered and feeling liable for the encompassing confusion, Rodney King, retaliating tears, offered an open expression and discussed the accompanying well known lines: People, I simply need to state, can we as a whole get along?† on May 1, 1992. Little Victories The country held up in dread of future mobs as the preliminary for the four officials started. Under two months after the fact, two of the officials Koon and Powell-were seen as blameworthy by a government jury for having disregarded King’s social equality. Concurring toâ newsâ reports, â€Å"U.S. Region Court Judge John Davies sentences both Sergeant Stacey Koon and Officer Laurence Powell to 30 months in jail for damaging Kings social equality. Powell is seen as blameworthy of abusing Kings established option to be liberated from a capture made with ‘unreasonable force.’ Ranking official Koon is sentenced for allowing the social equality infringement to occur.† Unfortunately for King, battles with liquor addiction and medication utilize prompted further negative cooperations with the law. In 2004,â was captured after a household question and later confess to driving impaired. Inâ 2007â he was discovered flushed with non-undermining shot injuries. As of late, Rodney King has given a few individual meetings incorporating with CNN and Oprah. On June 18, 2012, his fiancee Cynthia Kelley, a member of the jury in his preliminary numerous years earlier, discovered him at the base of his pool. He was pronouncedâ deadâ at the medical clinic. A Catalyst for Change Rodney Kings horrendous involvement in the Los Angeles Police Department was terrible assisted with lighting up a portion of the horde issues with police fierceness. Pictures of the beating and the uprisingâ that followed live on in ignominy as an image of the grieved connection among police and the Black people group.

Interview with Chris Ryan on Accepted Admissions Straight Talk

document.createElement('audio'); http://media.blubrry.com/admissions_straight_talk/p/www.accepted.com/IV_with_Chris_Ryan.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | TuneIn | SpotifyChris Ryan Welcome to the fifth episode of Accepted Admissions Straight Talk, a biweekly podcast about what’s new, thought-provoking, and useful in the world of graduate admissions! For advice, insight, and info, check out the full audio of our great conversation with Chris Ryan: 00:24:50   –    Meet Chris Ryan,   VP of Manhattan GMAT, Author of Case Studies and Cocktails, Duke Fuqua graduate and teacher. 01:58:50   –    Case Studies and Cocktails – excellent advice and must-know information for accepted MBA applicants (and its alternative uses). 08:21:00   –    The hardest thing about business school. 14:43:45   –    Chris’ three most important tips for b-school success. 19:22:50   –    The biggest mistakes students make upon arrival (and the longest 45 seconds of Chris’ life). 23:36:00   –    Advice for international students. 31:38:00   –    Listen up class of 2014, here is something for you. 35:00:00   –    One last tip from Linda: Find your drycleaner.   Subscribe to  Admissions Straight Talk  in iTunes so you don’t miss any segments! Stay in the admissions know. (And while you’re there, feel free to leave us a review.) *Theme music is courtesy of podcastthemes.com.

Race, Class, Gender, Ethnicity, Religion, And The Amount...

In 1789, Americans grouped themselves based on race, class, gender, ethnicity, religion, and the amount of freedom they have. The 1790 national census counted around 4 million Americans. New England was atypical. The Puritans only extended the region to those who believe in the Calvinist orthodoxy of the dominant Congregationalist Church. This exclusiveness was to limit population diversity. Puritan values and a rough environment made New England the most religiously and ethnically consistent region in the United States. Congregationalism stayed the official, state supported religion in Connecticut and Massachusetts. They found slavery conflicting with the natural-rights philosophy, so they slowly began to abolish it in the 1780s. In†¦show more content†¦Life in the western settlements was rough. Spain was a serious threat. The Congress that met in New York (from 1789 to 1791) had to give structure to the framework of the new national government that was outlined in the Constitution. Vice President John Adams and others in the Senate agreed to the name â€Å"Mr. President†. James pushed for a bill of rights (ten amendments that protected individual rights and liberties and rights of the states). The Bill of Rights were ratified on December 15, 1791 by the states and became a part of the Constitution. Congress enabled the first executive departments in the summer of 1789. They were the State Department for foreign affairs, the Treasury for finances, and the War Department for the nation’s defense. The department heads were closely connected to the president and eventually would become the cabinet, the president’s chief advisory body. The Judiciary Act of 1789 created a ranked national judiciary based on 13 federal district courts. Appeals from those courts were heard in one of the three circuit courts and the Supreme Court had the final say. The act limited jurisdiction in federal courts to legal issues coming from the Constitution. The Tariff Act of 1789 was made to raise revenue. The Tariff Act caused debate, leading to sectional disputes. The Tonnage Act of 1789 was passed and it was a duty imposed on the tonnage of entering ships to U.S ports. The tax was higher on foreign-owned ships to help American shippers.

Essay on E-Commerce and Cyber Attacks - 1907 Words

E-commerce security threats and technology solution dimensions consist of integrity, authenticity, confidentiality, privacy, availability, etc. (Laudon Traver, 2012, p.268). The internet can serve as a very useful tool or it can be a tool manipulated to perform unethical actions. Its function as tool all depends on what the user and what they intend to do with the information they download, view or share. Many analysts trace the increase in the number of issues faced by consumers today to the internet. Internet access has transitioned from a luxury to a common household utility. This shift in demand makes it increasingly easy for criminals such as hackers to gain access to a larger pool of information. This growing pool of†¦show more content†¦During the execution of these functions, some users are intentionally deceived with messages that alert them that an error or problem has occurred with their computer. These messages are deceptive in their attempt to disguise what is actually taking place. Behind the scene, a program is executing and installing software that is intended to track the user’s activity or give criminals full access to their business or personal information and sometimes both. If this type of incident occurred on a local level, its impact could be minimal, but the internet provides a non-stop global platform with an unlimited number of victims. In addition, this type of criminal activity provides a model for other criminals to enhance and distribute their own versions of this software which causes an even larger epidemic. In order to test the functionality and validity of these types of software, it must first be tested. This process of validation requires that the software be tested by deceiving an unknowing victim who has little or no in depth experience with using the internet. These types of programs are embedded in websites that the user expresses interest in reading more information about or pictures that are display ed in search results. There is no way that the founders of the internet could have known that in time, users would have to reach a particular level of maturity with using theShow MoreRelatedEcommerce Cyber Crimes777 Words   |  4 Pagesyour Ecommerce Site against Hacking Attempts Aiesha Hasan Mar 02, 2017 5s E-commerce business continues to skyrocket and when there is money to be made, criminals are here to follow. Online stores are the prime targets for cyber crimes. This is not new as the e-commerce websites are more lucrative for the cyber criminals. 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(40 Marks)1398 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent is an e-commerce strategy the best way for businesses to increase their profits? (40 marks) E-commerce is the online transaction of goods and services, which has completely revolutionized business and the way in which businesses can operate. It’s now easier for customers to compare prices/products with a little time spent browsing the Internet opposed to dragging themselves to the stores. This means that e-commerce is having an impact on what and how much businesses sell, thereforeRead MoreE Commerce : A Popular Activity On The Internet1388 Words   |  6 PagesE-Commerce has been a popular activity on the Internet, for it facilitates commercial acts between online service providers and individuals. The popularity of E-commerce could be reflected by the turnover of the industry. 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Cyber attacks are malicious criminal acts of deception over the internet to infiltrate personal and business informationRead MoreCommon Weaknesses and Attacks Associated with E-Commerce and Social Networking Application1248 Words   |  5 PagesCommon weaknesses and attacks associated with e-commerce and social networking applications Security of transactions is critical in building the confidence of customers in a specified e-commerce site. This security depends heavily on an organization s ability to ensure authenticity, availability, privacy, integrity and disruption of unwanted intrusions. Malicious program known as sniffer programs often disrupt the privacy transactions especially when one uses unauthorized networks. They are found

Presidential Power In A National Crisis Essay Example For Students

Presidential Power In A National Crisis Essay Presidents of the United States take an oath to uphold the Constitution. In times of crisis, however, presidents are tempted to circumvent the spirit of the Constitution in the name of political expediency. The president of the United States of America is frequently under pressure, which could be for something as simple as dealing with his wife (especially if she’s running for the US Senate), but usually the problem is more extensive. Then, the whole nation is affected, and the problem becomes a national crisis. A widespread panic is possible. The president must propose a plan to aid his nation while keeping the public under control. Lincoln. Roosevelt and Truman proposed bills to stop or prevent the national crises that plagued the country. In 1861, the country was dividing into two and President Lincoln had to reunite the Union. His plan was to start a war between the North and South in order to end the national crisis.In May of 1861, Congress was going through a 9-week emergency period and couldn’t pass any laws. Lincoln was given full executive power. This was all he needed to make the practical measures for the war (Sandburg 257). Lincoln’s first move was to start a militia at Ft. McHenry led by General Cadwalader, and invade the home of John Merryman of Baltimore, on May 25 at two in the morning, and took him out of his bed (Sandburg 247). He was taken to Ft. McHenry and held for treason (Sandburg 247). The next morning, John Merryman’s lawyers went to Supreme Court Judge Roger Taney’s home near Baltimore, and denied all charges of treason (Sandburg 247). Taney became confused and issued the writ of habeas corpus for General Cadwalader to appear in court with Merryman (Sandburg 247). The writ of the habeas corpus is a legal document which requires the arresting authorities to show just cause for the incarceration of a prisoner or release him. The writ is a fundamental cornerstone of due legal process and can only be disregarded in times of civil emergency. The general didn’t want to go to court and sent staff Colonel Lee with John Merryman. Lee appeared before Judge Taney and stated that the general was busy with other matters (Sandburg 247). The colonel read a statement from Gen. Cadwalader asserting: â€Å"John Merryman was charged with treason and was known for holding a commission as a lieutenant in a company in their possession armed hostility against the government† (Sandburg 247). The general’s statement added the president would also authorize a suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. President Lincoln sent word to Chief Justice Taney, explaining that it was his duty to authorize the commanding general’s suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in the name of public safety (Sandburg 247). Congress resumed on August 6th, while Lincoln was making the final measures of his plan (Sandburg 247). The North and South were in a mammoth argument concerning the arrests of southern civil leaders. Without the writ of habeas corpus, there was no need to tell the south why the civil leaders were being held in custody. The war was now ready to begin, and the north and south would eventually be reunited. We can thank Lincoln for provoking the conflict. The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus was wrong and somewhat against the constitution. But this brilliant plan gave Lincoln the power he needed to win the war and resolve the current national crisis. Although Honest Abe wasn’t that honest when he passed the suspension, (he had some retaliatory intentions in mind) the country still regarded him as a great leader. Seventy-two years later, president Franklin Roosevelt went through his own national crisis. FDR felt pressure the moment he was inaugurated into office in March 1933. America was in the Great Depression, banks were closing, the stock market was at an all time low, and unemployment was the highest then nation had ever seen. How could FDR raise the nation’s economy in a short enough time? He proposed a plan to raise it in just over a fortnight (Davis 57). .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 , .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 .postImageUrl , .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 , .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095:hover , .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095:visited , .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095:active { border:0!important; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095:active , .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095 .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e2f2b57ccb9542c4f9da887f032d095:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Example Essay Of Rasin In The SunThe national economy crisis began at the ignition of the Great Depression. People everywhere were closing their bank accounts causing banks to fail. Even though not all banks were unstable, fear of losing one’s life savings was enough to make people panic. Banks were closing, and the entire American economic structure started to come apart. People could not cash their paychecks and the nation fell into an economic depression. By March 4th, state governments had shut down every bank in the country, creating a â€Å"bank holiday†, and turned to the federal government for further action (Davis 57). FDR decided to take action when came into office in 1933. On March 9th he proposed the Emergency Banking Bill to Congress (Davis 55). The bill’s plan was to extend the bank holiday. During the holiday, all banks were checked for fiscal soundness. By the end of the holiday, all banks would reopen, which would boost the nation’s economy. The Emergency Banking Bill was the first bill he proposed to Congress as a president. (Davis 52). Congress passed the bill with a vote of 73/1, after just 40 minutes of debate. FDR signed the bill. FDR put forth several New Deal plans (a.k.a. alphabet soup plans) such as the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Today, bank accounts in America are still insured by the FDIC (Davis 112). By the mid 1940’s the labor unions had come to prominence and provided the ingredients for President Harry Truman’s most famous dilemmas. Even though railroad strike of 1946 was not officially a national crisis, many people panicked over the incident. At that time, railways were the chief transportation system. If they stopped working, America stopped working (McCullough 494). The railway strike began during the largest coal strike in America. The two major railroad union presidents had enough power to halt all railroad transportation. The unions demanded higher wages or else they would have a national strike. A.F. Whitney was president of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, and Alvabley Johnston was president of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers; both were also Truman’s allies (McCullough 494). This alliance served only to make the situation tougher for Truman. The strike was scheduled for May 18 (McCullough 494). Truman attended the next cabinet meeting and asked for some suggestions on how to deal with the railroad strike (McCullough495). The cabinet couldn’t think of any ideas to give Truman. The day before the strike, Truman called Whitney and Johnston into his office. The union leaders both agreed that the strike had to be carried out. The employees wanted the strike. Truman listened to the union leaders’ arguments. â€Å"He then leaned forward on his desk and stated, ‘I’m going to give you the gun’† (McCullough 495). He then produced and signed the executive order for the government to seize and run the railroads. Whitney and Johnston panicked and both decided to postpone the strike for five more days. During the five days of the strike, Truman called on all striking railroad workers to return to their jobs as â€Å"a duty to their country† (Mcullough 503) by 4 p.m. on May 25. If the strikers didn’t return to work, Truman would call the army and have them take whatever action necessary to break the strike. That afternoon, Truman read a seven-page speech he had written the night before and proposed a bill to Congress to draft all strikers into the military. The bill passed the House of Representatives with a vote of 306/13. This ended the troublesome strike and the nation rejoiced. Whitney and Johnston were furious. Whitney vowed he would spend every last dollar in the treasury of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen to defeat Truman in the 1948 election (McCullough 504). However, the bill to draft the strikers into the military did not pass the senate. By a vote of 70/13, the issue became moot. The strike ended and America’s first line of transportation was working once again. .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 , .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 .postImageUrl , .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 , .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5:hover , .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5:visited , .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5:active { border:0!important; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5:active , .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5 .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u43880fbe8c36c44482b556fc833c7fd5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bachelor of Arts History Rough Draft EssayTruman proposed bills to Congress to prevent an extremely large national crisis. â€Å"The strike threatened to paralyze all our industrial agricultural, commercial, and social life. The disaster would of spared no one.† (McCullough 504). Truman did the expedient thing in order to save his country from a transportation disaster. All three of these presidents proposed bills to stop or prevent the national crises that plagued the country. Some of the presidents took affirmative action like Truman, while presidents like Lincoln took a more negative approach to the national crisis. All three presidents tested the limits of their constitutional authority in order to help to nation recover. Some of their proposals, like the Emergency Banking Bill passed Congress, and some did not. In the end, all three presidents resolved the national crisis, and the nation resumed its normal course of events. Bibliography:Works CitedDavis, Kenneth S. FDR: The New Deal Years 1933-1939. New York: Random House Inc., 1986. McCullough, David. Truman. New York: Simon Schuster, 1992. Sandburg, Carl. Abraham Lincoln The Prairie Years The War Years. USA: Pictorial Review Co., 1954. Court TV Online. â€Å"Texas vs. Carla Faye Tucker.† 19 October 2000 .

Role Model free essay sample

Role models are people who inspire others with their superior qualities and their commitment for a good cause. Here are some main characteristics of a role model. We will write a custom essay sample on Role Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Parents often tell their children about looking up to people who set good examples in their lives. Such people often end up being role models for youngsters or even adults and their habits are often emulated. Positive people can have a positive effect on the lives of others. These role models are often leaders with an optimistic approach towards life. Well, role models need not always be people from around the world but often; parents can also prove to be excellent role models for their children by helping them to imbibe good values in life. Here, we shall read about some of the main characteristics of a role model require to inspire people to follow their way. Humility is one of the characteristics you would need to look out for in a role model. Often, pop stars or even movie stars tend to influence the life of youngsters. Well, these are not exactly considered to be role models considering their behavior may not always inspire children to inculcate good habits. Humility in a person is extremely important as it shows the ability to be humble despite great achievements in life. A perfect role model would be one who respects others no matter his/her social status. Respect towards people would earn respect in return. The person who listens to others without being dictating in his/her approach would have all the factors to be successful in life. This may seem a very minute characteristic but it can surely make a major positive difference in life. An intelligent person can be noticed in the mannerisms and how a person handles issues on a daily basis. One of the characteristics of a role model is his/her level of intelligence. Intelligence is something that cannot be measured merely by grades but how the person uses his/her intelligence to succeed in life and help others in return. Good habits help to make a person better in life. Your role model should be having exemplary habits that should inspire you to improve yourself in life. Impeccable manners and kindness towards people are some characteristics that should be present in the role model you probably look up to. Commitment to a good cause is so very important in our lives. There are many people who have dedicated their lives to others. There are people who have overcome all adversities in life and have excelled despite all the odds. These people have not only gone ahead in life but have helped others to improve their condition of life as well. A role model should therefore be a complete inspiration for others in terms of his/her work towards the society. Role models should always have a sense of integrity with strong values. A positive minded person who is loaded with enthusiasm can surely prove to be the best role model one can have in life! Examples of people who have always been role models Mother Teresa Helen Keller Mahatma Gandhi Florence Nightingale Harriet Tubman Albert Einstein Bill Gates Role Model free essay sample Dr King is my role model because he fought to change my history. Dr King didn’t only want to see a change happen for his self and others but also for his family. He had a wife Coretta and four children; these were the people who he wanted to see change happen for the most. After King’s death is family wanted to keep his legacy alive because they knew he stood for a good cause. According to the article A king family tribute â€Å"Family and friends remember Dr. King as a role model and dedicate themselves to his mission. Watkins, Dr. Kings niece, has assembled their writings and excerpts from their speeches. All pay tribute to his spirit, abiding faith and dedication to the cause of civil rights, and they affirm their own commitment to following the path he walked, as his nephew, Derek B. King, states. Kings fathers remarks are excerpted from his autobiography. We will write a custom essay sample on Role Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dr King is my personal role model because is stood for what he believed in. Dr king helped shape my worldview because through his hard work he’s shown me that nothing worth fighting for comes easy. I think a lot of people look over the fact that Dr King wasn’t just trying to change the race problem it stood of many different social issues. In the article Martin Luther King Jr conception of freedom and radical democracy the author states that â€Å"king came to believe that the civil rights struggle needed to expand beyond just racial desegregation in this country, He began to raise his voice against racism militarism, and economic exploitation around the world†. This is another reason why I look up to him because he didn’t only focus on one hing that needed to be changed so saw the importance of these issues and wanted to change them. Dr. king had a career as a pastor which is why I feel he never gave up believing in what he thought was right. The article Martin Luther King cover story gives background on his life â€Å"King was a preacher who spoke in biblical cadences ideally suited to leading a stride toward freedom that found its inspiration in the Old Testament story of the Israelites and the New Testament gospel of Jesus Christ. Being a minister not only put King in touch with the spirit of the black masses but also gave him a base within the black church, then and now the strongest and most independent of black institutions†. Like Dr King I believe that everyone should have the right to freedom and equal rights ; However, I don’t know if I could have endured the things that Dr king had to. Once Dr King was thrown in jail because of his protest, I think if I knew I could go to jail because I was protesting I wouldn’t protest. On the other Dr King who have pathed the way for me to be able to use my freedom of speech. I would want to be brave and stand for what I believe in for myself and my family just as King did. Reference MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. A King Family Tribute. (2012). Kirkus Reviews, 80(24), 222. Orosco, J. M. (2001). Martin Luther King, Jr. ’s Conception of Freedom and Radical Democracy. Journal Of Social Philosophy, 32(4), 386-401. White, J. E. (1998). Martin Luther King. (Cover story). Time, 151(14), 160.

Natives (or Black) Land Act No. 27 Law of 1913

Natives (or Black) Land Act No. 27 Law of 1913 The Natives Land Act (No. 27 of 1913), which was later known as the Bantu Land Act or Black Land Act, was one of the many laws that ensured the economic and social dominance of whites prior to Apartheid. Under the Black Land Act, which came into force 19 June 1913, black South Africans were no longer be able to own, or even rent, land outside of designated reserves. These reserves not only amounted to just 7-8% of South Africas land but were also less fertile than lands set aside for white owners. Impact of the Natives Land Act The Natives Land Act dispossessed black South Africans and prevented them from competing with white farm workers for jobs. As Sol Plaatje wrote in the opening lines of Native Life in South Africa, â€Å"Awakening on Friday morning, June 20, 1913, the South African Native found himself, not actually a slave, but a pariah in the land of his birth.† The Natives Land Act was by no means the beginning of dispossession. White South Africans had already appropriated much of the land through colonial conquest and legislation, and this would become a vital point in the post-Apartheid era. There were also several exceptions to the Act. Cape province was initially excluded from the act as a result of the existing Black franchise rights, which were enshrined in the South Africa Act, and a few black South Africans successfully petitioned for exceptions to the law. The Land Act of 1913, however, legally established the idea that black South Africans did not belong in much of South Africa, and later legislation and policies were built around this law. In 1959, these reserves were converted to Bantustans, and in 1976, four of them were actually declared independent states within South Africa, a move that stripped those born in those 4 territories of their South African citizenship. The 1913 Act, while not the first act to dispossess black South Africans, became the basis of subsequent land legislation and evictions that ensured the segregation and destitution of much of South Africas population. Repeal of the Act There were immediate efforts to repeal the Natives Land Act. A deputation traveled to London to petition the British government to intervene since South Africa was one of the Dominions in the British Empire. The British government refused to intervene, and efforts to repeal the law came to nothing until the ending of Apartheid. In 1991, the South African legislature passed the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures, which repealed the Natives Land Act and many of the laws that followed it. In 1994, the new, post-Apartheid parliament also passed the Restitution of Native Land Act. Restitution, however, only applied to lands taken through policies explicitly designed to ensure racial segregation. It, thus, applied to lands taken under the Natives Land Act, but not the vast territories taken prior to the act during the era of conquest and colonization. Legacies of the Act In the decades since the end of Apartheid, black ownership of South African land has improved, but the effects of the 1913 act and other moments of appropriation are still evident in the landscape and map of South Africa. Resources: Braun, Lindsay Frederick. (2014) Colonial Survey and Native Landscapes in Rural South Africa, 1850 - 1913: The Politics of Divided Space in the Cape and Transvaal. Brill. Gibson, James L. (2009). Overcoming Historical Injustices: Land Reconciliation in South Africa.   Cambridge University Press. Plaatje, Sol. (1915) Native Life in South Africa.

MIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

MIS - Essay Example Both these tools are important because they are used to provide critical information to the management board. In order to which ad is the best, you look at how frequently the customized webs appear in the server. The one that appears the most times are the best ads. Also by looking at the best ads, you can be able to tell the best format by looking at the format of these ads. The ads that have most clicks can be taken to be the best ones and should therefore be forwarded target IP address. By creating dialogue boxes and feedback forms, users can be able to leave a feedback concerning the same and can be used to ascertain whether the technique is good or not. From the history, information concerning frequently visited IP address can be obtained. By having this data, comparisons can be done with data from other companies and from this the position of the company can be determined. A business analyst is a person in charge of analyzing the organizations business domains in both real and hypothetical manner. A business analyst is endowed with several job responsibilities. First, a business analyst analyzes business processes within the organization to identify inefficiencies (Wiley 49). He provides recommendations for solutions and improvements which can be achieved through adoption of new technology. A business analyst acts as a liaison between different business stakeholders. He does the analysis and communication of stakeholder needs by converting business needs into software requirements. A business analyst does the documentation and evaluation of required information within an organization in order to enhance the success of projects by application of modeling and simulation (Wiley 52). Business analyst and system analyst are two different persons. In a project, a business analyst comes before a system analyst. A business analyst is a core member of the project team right from the start, but a system analyst only comes in at the system analysis

War on Terrorism and Popular Culture on Media Essay

War on Terrorism and Popular Culture on Media - Essay Example Various media platforms have been exploded with context more or less associated with the war on terrorism, 9/11 incident giving an added hype to the issue. Also, owing much to the hype about war on terrorism, Middle East has become the interest of many authors and producers alike to engage the audience into unveiling perspectives of terrorism, generating interest of the people into the media products. The paper aims at discussing various media forums, i.e. books, TV (Prime time) and even Hollywood to analyze the popular culture on media in the aftermath of 9/11 attacks and in the wake on the war on terrorism. Prior to the extensive engagements of the great powers of the world into war against terrorism, the media platforms depicted a completely distinct picture of the world around us. The cold war period for instance contributed towards the popularity of media products revolving around this subject, also pop culture hit the media platforms back in 1960`s. However, once terrorism beca me the most pressing issue of the time, media products started focusing on these aspects as the audience was looking for answers to their queries regarding the subjects. A lot of contradictions and conspiracy theories surrounded mass audience due to which the media products focusing on the war on terrorism gained immense popularity, and the companies conceiving such products generated high amounts of revenues (Birkenstein, Anna & Karen 2010). Thus, to come up with valid conclusions it is crucial to analyze all mediums one-by-one and comment on them separately to draw pattern regarding media popular culture in reference to the war on terrorism. Starting off with the discussion over the influence of the war on terrorism over literature, the books are filled with various perspectives over the war on terrorism. In addition to the various textbooks, other social sciences literature was also focused immensely on this topic, relating terrorism to social aspects of life, journalism, anthrop ological accounts etc. The research over politics was also merely driven by the war on terrorism, as every student of politics was interested in studying about the impact of the war over politics. Since religion was associated with terrorism, books after books started being published on Islam, for instance â€Å"Suicide Bombers: Allah`s new Martyrs† by Farhad was one of the bestsellers of that time (Birkenstein, Anna & Karen 2010).. Similarly, other similar texts include Fundamentalism: the search of its meanings, Bad Faith: The Danger of Religious Extremism etc. Samuel P. Huntington`s clash of civilizations was however the most impactful publication which went viral throughout the world. The war on terrorism which led towards further segregation of the civilization owing to the cultures and religions was reflected in this publication circulated worldwide. Also, since Middle East became the subject of sole significance especially after the Iraq war, most of the literature was now focusing on this region. Since the impact of publications is restricted and the influence is not as widespread as that of broadcast media, the focus should now be shifted towards television. The prime time television also saw a shift towards content regarding the war on terrorism (Birkenstein, Anna & Karen 2010).. For instance, the first impact of the declaration of war on terrorism required loyalty and high regard for

Developmental psychology, Essay Example for Free

Developmental psychology, Essay It is important to keep evaluating learning activities as the child’s needs may change or your planning may not work and may need changing. Planning, teaching and evaluation is a cycle which gives structure to the learning process. Whilst in the planning process I need to know the learning objectives so that you are clear about that the pupils are expected to achieve. When evaluating you will need to look at whether the children were able to meet the leaning objectives in their task. If a child was to complete a task quickly this should be recorded. 1. 2 Weakness 1.   When planning a work activity I always take into account the children’s learning needs and levels, for example you could have a child in your group which lacks concentration and needs a more practical approach in order to show interest and for the task to be successful. For example: Child A – Lacks concentration Child B – Does not enjoy Literacy Child C – Find tasks difficult 1. 4 – All lesson plans should be made available to the LSA’s before the class starts, even if you do not have time to look at the plan you should discuss with the teacher what you are to do. Learning objectives – You must always be clear on the learning objectives of the lesson or what pupils are expected to be able to do. Leaning recourses required – The lesson plan should detail any materials which are different from those which are normally found in the classroom. Own role in supporting learning activities – It should be made clear what you are required to do whether it’s supporting a group or an individual. Specific information – you should have access to school reports about pupils learning and be able to refer to them if required whether its paper or electronic based. Sometimes changes need to be made to plan and this may happen last minute so you will need to be flexible. Any changes made to the children’s routine may affect their behaviour so you need to take this into consideration. 1. 5 2. 3 We should always be made aware of the health and safety issues especially when working with children; it is the main duty of all school employees to keep the children safe. Young children or children with additional needs may not be aware of certain hazards. Schools also have security measures in place such as gates and a signing in policy for all visitors. If you ever come across a unfamiliar face within the school grounds you should always approach them in a polite manor by saying. ‘Can I help you? ’ All storage areas should be kept tidy so they do not cause a hazard they should also be locked, spaces like cleaning cupboard especially as they store a lot of hazardous materials and can sometimes be left untidy as staff may not have enough time to tidy up or may not be sure where certain items should be. You must always make sure that no fire exits in the classrooms are blocked by chairs / tables, they should always be accessible. Describe the sorts of problems that might occur when supporting learning activities, and how to deal with these: Noise Sometimes during classes children can become distracted by noise from within the classroom and from outside (such as another classroom, or people on the hallway). I help to combat this problem by closing the doors and any windows open to the noise, and also by reminding children to work as quietly as possible and raise their hand to speak rather than shout out. Insufficient resources Many of the activities set by the teacher involve the use of multiple resources e. g. books, pencils crayons, scissors, glue, rulers etc. Unfortunately there are not always enough resources for every student, resulting in there being a delay in the commencement of work (due to trying to locate extra supplies). This problem is managed by preparing for the lesson before it begins, ensuring there are sufficient resources for the class, and also by encouraging children to help to and share with each other whenever possible. Having an inclusive class with a wide spectrum of abilities another problem which can occur when supporting learning activities, is ensuring that the all children are engaged, involved and fully understanding the task that has been set when there is such a wide spectrum of abilities. This can be dealt with in several ways, such as splitting the class into ability based groups, encouraging high ability children to help those who are struggling to keep pace (this also helps to keep the class working on a similar level), and also by setting achievable targets for work. Shy students Children may suffer from shyness which can affect their ability to work individually (such as being worried about being wrong), and get involved with the class as a whole or participate in group work. Weather – The weather can always be a distraction to the children, if it’s hot and sunny out the children can get hot and agitated. 5. 1 The reasons why it is important to evaluate learning activities are: †¢ To see what is working and what needs removing or changing †¢ To assess how the activities are being delivered and how they could be improved †¢ To see how the activities are being received by the participants Evaluation is important as it helps out when planning and helps you to think about the learning that has taken place. Spending time going through the learning activities and seeing how students have responded to a certain task or question, can really help re-shape it for future classes. It is also important to look back at the learning objects so you can measure what the children have learned. If you do not think carefully about learning objectives at the planning stage, it will not always be possible to evaluate whether pupils have achieved them. Learning objectives need to be clear for this to be possible. Learners must understand what the outcomes mean. †¢ They must be achievable. †¢ We must be able to assess pupils against them. Evaluating helps you to see if something is succeeding or may need changing. If students whizzed through the activity and then looked rather bored then it would be obvious that the task was a bit too easy and not really suitable or beneficial for that group. Therefore you would need to try and make it more engaging and stimulating, perhaps by making it more difficult or time-consuming so the students really have to work to complete it. If the activities are taking longer than expected and you can see that the students are really struggling, things again would need to be addressed. Students may not meet the learning objective, but they could have a real enthusiasm for the subject and have participated fully in all aspects of the lesson. You will need to record this somewhere. 5. 2 5. 2 and 5. 4 Upon completion of the task, I then provided constructive feedback to the class teacher, and feedback on her participation and progress. I explained that the child was:  · Very pleased to be given individual support and was positively responsive to the support (smiled, listened intently, and produced the work expected through understanding)  · After a couple of examples was able to achieve the objective of drawing on the hands onto the clock face on the task sheet given  · Succeeded in progressing in the learning activity  · Went back into the classroom with a big proud smile as she had enjoyed the task and benefited from the support. I informed the teacher that she responded well to reassurance and lots of positive praise and was very happy to receive a sticker after the task. I explained that she had completed the given learning activity objective. I gave constructive feedback that she 5. 3 Difficulties which I came across As I have not worked with this particular group before I found it hard to see what stage each child was at and what support each child needed and as the task was outside we faced a lot of distractions. Spring Work Aims / Objectives Children to identify features of spring Looking for signs of spring using senses I can see / smell / touch Share ideas With the whiteboards – Create senses poem I can see the blue sky Recourses White Boards White board pens Ipad – take pictures Evaluation The children found it a little hard to concentrate as they were taken outside and they were easily distracted ie. Wanted to run around and touch things.

My Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy on Teaching Teachers Essays

My Philosophy of Education My philosophy of teaching is based on theories or ideas of philosophers and psychologists such as the Sophists, Plato/Socrates, Functionalists, Rousseau, Experimentalists, and Piaget as well as others. I will discuss my views on the nature of humans, the nature of knowledge, the purpose of education, the method in which I intend to conduct my classroom, the importance of library media in schools, as well as my plans of professional development. The nature of humans is a combination of both heredity and environment. Everyone has the ability to learn to some degree (Sophists). Piaget’s stages of cognitive development are to be considered when selecting materials for students of respective age groups. However, there are exceptions to the age ranges provided in Piaget’s stages. The Functionalists’ idea of one’s own choices, efforts, and merits directly effecting one’s success is good, but I feel other factors such as economic conditions, contribute to the outcome. As for the nature of knowledge, it is both relative and absolute. Knowledge is relative because views change, for example the concept that the Earth was the center of the universe was believed as fact at a particular time, but was disproved later. Mathematics is an example of absolute knowledge, because anytime you add the same numbers the answer is the same. I feel the purpose of education is to improve society by helping every individual reach his or her potential. I believe that every child is capable of success. As a teacher it will be my responsibility to find ways to help each child in my class achieve his or her greatest potential. I want to encourage my students, and instill a feeling of accomplishment and self-satisfaction. I hope my students will realize the untapped possibility of human potential. In my classroom, my teaching method will consist of hands-on activities, as I feel from personal experience that this is the most effective way to learn. I also know from personal experience that learning must be applicable to real life, so I intend show as much as possible the relationships between lessons and life. Some lecture will be required, but I intend to keep lecturing minimal and use the Socratic method of questioning. Discipline is essential in the classroom and in life. Discipline starts with rules, which should be reflective of the students’ input as well as any necessary regulations not covered by the students.

Popular, Fine, Folk: Making Do and Thinking Out of the Box Essay

Once upon a time, at the turn of the 20th century, Marcel Duchamp brought a urinal into the museum. As expected, it was banned from being shown in a major exhibition at that time. Today, the urinal is called a ‘found object,† a fine arts category that has become standard practice for contemporary artists, especially those who are working on media and techniques spawned by Duchamp’s rebellion: conceptual art, installations, and the readymade. One of the most famous latter day versions is that of Andy Warhol’s Campbell soup and Brillo boxes – those mass consumer items that found their way into the domain of the fine arts, and in their turn spawned another academic art historical category: Pop Art. Once upon a time, at the turn of the 19th century, the Dutch artist Vincent Van Gogh, who has not sold a single painting during his lifetime (with the possible exception of one work bought by his brother Theo), died a pauper. In the 1980s, his Sunflower fetched millions of dollars at an auction. Today, he is not only a bestseller; he is also considered one of the best artists of all times. Once upon a time, Madonna was just any other upstart, who with her limited vocal range was singing seemingly superficial songs like â€Å"Like a Virgin† and â€Å"Material Girl. † Today, she and her ‘bad girl’ image, as well as her numerous personas, is the subject of numerous academic papers on popular culture. This and examples from Charlie Parker, as well – Shakespeare, the Shaker furniture, the quilt, Amazing Grace, photography – tell us not only that values change through time, some for the better, others for the worse, depending on one’s point of view. The more important point is that, while terms like popular, fine and folk arts are valuable as terms of convenience, they are unreliable – perhaps even superfluous or unnecessary – as terms of judgment or standards, as in say, low and high art, good and bad art, truthful and false art, among many other boundaries. On one hand, these boundaries are important because they guard against extreme relativism, an intellectual indolence that results in people thinking that anything can be art, and that art is anything and everything that you can get away with. On the other hand, boundaries prevent us from looking at art forms more productively, or think out of the box. As Parker’s essay suggests, it is more productive to suspend our received judgments or templates – if only for a while – and analyze each art form on their own terms: as part of certain domains (popular, fine, folk and their combinations) with their own specific dynamics, gatekeepers, institutions, forms and contexts of production, reception, creativity and artistry and their own specific systems of producing and making meanings. These elements – domain (popular, fine, folk), field (gatekeepers and institutions), artistry (form, content, context) – clash and intersect with each other in an uneven world, characterized by unequal power relations. In this context, extreme relativism – that anything and everything can be art – is problematic. While it is true that anything – say, the urinal – can be art, its transformation required a movement from one domain to another: from the everyday to the museum, where it was lit and put on a pedestal, was signed and given a title (The Fountain) and in the process, became a candidate for appreciation, contemplation, and later, legitimation by the gatekeepers – the people (art historians, critics) and institutions (media, museums, schools) who had the power to rethink its meaning, and bestow on the urinal the term â€Å"art,† under the rubric â€Å"found object,† â€Å"readymade,† â€Å"conceptual art. Such legitimation was later confirmed by artistic, critical and curatorial practice: today, the Fountain, which started out as a rebellion against art and its definitions, is now ironically an academic, art historical and critical orthodoxy. Boundaries between domains are therefore simultaneously porous and self-contained. Everyday objects enter the fine arts, and vice versa. What used to be â€Å"folk† and popular, as in Shakespeare and Bob Dylan are now classics. When the urinal became The Fountain, it ceased to become a mundane object and entered the domain of the museum and the academe, subject to their terms and conditions. When elements of popular culture – the Brillo box, Campbell soup – crossed the boundaries, it became an art-historical category: Pop Art. And when Madonna crossed over from the Billboard charts to academe, her feminist radical potential was recognized, but at the same time, again quite ironically, tamed because her pop rebellion is now academic. Parker mapped the domains according to class – fine arts is a product of the elite, folk, of common folk and popular, of the masses. In real life of course, soap operas (popular) are viewed by different classes and sub-classes; jazz and hip hop, which started out in the ghettos were co-opted by American Top 40s; the Mona Lisa, the epitome of the Classic Masterpiece, found and continue to find its way into t-shirts and tabletops. Thus, instead of bemoaning that standards of excellence are being eroded, it may be more productive to chart these movements of objects and images, not only in terms of content, expression or truths that they contain, as question No. 3 leads us to suspect, but also in terms of how these truths are expressed (form), and the circumstances within which these truths are produced (context). Put another way, instead of persuading the â€Å"masses† that Hamlet is as entertaining as My Fair Lady, it would probably be better to find out why and how My Fair Lady ticks today and why and how Hamlet, which caught the imagination of royalties and subjects alike, clicked during the Elizabethan period and no longer does so today. I suspect this is not because standards of excellence have waned; it is just that each epoch, age, society and culture has its own way of defining, producing, valuing, consuming and receiving art. To be an intellectual therefore does not mean, being the kind of intellectual espoused by Arendt, one who imposes a top-down approach – imposing Hamlet on the masses, for instance. Instead, we need the kind of intellectual who will sit in front of the TV set, watch almost everything – from the seemingly most idiotic sitcoms to the most enlightening art film – and analyze and read the pictures, images and mediums, according to an oppositional and critical frame that works from and within, not from without and from the top. In other words, this is the kind of intellectual that challenges what is and sets out to suggest what is possible, not by imposing so-called alternatives (Hamlet instead of My Fair Lady), but by a process called bricolage – a process of thinking out of the box by making do with, pilfering, borrowing, and reconfiguring what is available, after a sensitive, critical and thorough analysis based on the parameters of form, content, context and domain, field and artist.

Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye

Famed Egyptologist Zahi Hawass considers the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III, one of the final rulers of the Eighteenth Dynasty, as the greatest monarch ever reign over the Two Lands. Dubbed the Magnificent, this fourteenth-century B.C. pharaoh brought in unprecedented amounts of gold to his kingdom, built tons of epic structures, including the famed Colossi of Memnon and lots of religious buildings, and depicted his wife, Queen Tiye, in an unprecedentedly egalitarian fashion. Lets dive into the revolutionary era of Amenhotep and Tiye. Amenhotep was born to Pharaoh Thutmose IV and his wife Mutemwia. Aside from his alleged role in re-establishing the Great Sphinx as a big tourist spot, Thutmose IV wasnt that notable of a pharaoh. He did, however, do a bit of building, especially at Amuns temple in Karnak, where he explicitly identified himself with the sun god Re. More on that later!   Sadly for young Prince Amenhotep, his dad didnt live very long, dying when his kid was about twelve. Amenhotep ascended the throne as a boy king, exercising his only dated military campaign when he was about seventeen in Kush. By his mid-teens, though, Amenhotep wasnt focusing on the army, but his one true love, a woman named Tiye. Shes mentioned as the Great Royal Wife Tiye in his second regnal year - meaning they got married when he was just a kid! Tip of  the Hat to Queen Tiye Tiye was a truly remarkable woman. Her parents, Yuya and Tjuya, were non-royal officials; Daddy was a charioteer and priest called the Gods Father, while Mom was a priestess of Min. Yuya and Tjuyas fabulous tomb was uncovered in 1905, and archaeologists found lots of riches there; DNA testing performed on their mummies in recent years has proved key in identifying unidentified bodies. One of Tiyes brothers was a prominent priest named Anen, and many have suggested that the famous Eighteenth Dynasty official Ay, alleged father of Queen Nefertiti and eventual pharaoh after King Tut, was another of her siblings.   So Tiye married her husband when they were both quite young, but the most interesting item about her is the way in which she was portrayed in statuary. Amenhotep deliberately commissioned statues showing himself, the king, and Tiye as the same size, showing her importance in the royal court, which was on par with that of the   pharaoh! In a culture in which visual size was everything, bigger was better, so a big king and an equally big queen showed them as equals.   This egalitarian portrayal is pretty much unprecedented, showing Amenhoteps devotion to his wife, allowing her to wield influence comparable to his own. Tiye even takes on masculine, regal poses, showing up on her own throne as a Sphinx who crushes her enemies  and getting her own Sphinx colossus; now, shes not only equal to a king in the way shes portrayed, but shes taking on his roles! But Tiye wasnt Amenhoteps only wife - far from it! Like many pharaohs before and after him, the king took brides from foreign countries in order to form alliances. A commemorative scarab was commissioned for the marriage between the pharaoh and Kilu-Hepa, daughter of the king of Mitanni. He also wed his own daughters, as other pharaohs did, once they came of age; whether or not those marriages were consummated is up for debate. Divine Dilemmas In addition to Amenhoteps marital program, he also pursued massive construction projects throughout Egypt, which burnished his own reputation - and that of his wife! They also helped people think of him as semi-divine and created money-making opportunities for his officials. Perhaps more importantly for his son and successor, the Heretic Pharaoh Akhenaten, Amenhotep III followed in his fathers sandalprints and identified himself with the biggest gods of the Egyptian pantheon on the monuments he built.   In particular, Amenhotep placed great emphasis on sun gods in his construction, statuary, and portraiture, displaying what  Arielle Kozloff aptly called a solar bent in every aspect of his realm. He showed himself as the god of the sun at Karnak and contributed extensively to Amun-Res temple there; later in life, Amenhotep even went to far as to consider himself as a living manifestation of  all  deity, with an emphasis on the sun god Ra-Horakhty, according to W. Raymond Johnson. Although historians dubbed him the Magnificent, Amenhotep went by the moniker of the Dazzling Sun Disk. Given his fathers obsession with his connection to the solar gods, its not too far of a stretch to get to the aforementioned Akhenaten, his son by Tiye and successor, who declared that the sun disk, Aten, should be the sole deity worshipped in the Two Lands. And of course Akhenaten (who started his reign as Amenhotep IV, but later changed his name) stressed that  he, the king,  was the sole intermediary between the divine and the mortal realms. So it looks like Amenhoteps emphasis on the   godly powers of the king went to an extreme in his sons reign. But Tiye may have also set a precedent for her Nefertiti, her daughter-in-law (and possible niece, if the queen was the daughter of Tiyes putative brother Ay). In the reign of Akhenaten, Nefertiti was depicted as occupying roles of great prominence in her husbands court and in his new religious order. Perhaps Tiyes legacy of carving out a great role for the Great Royal Wife as partner to the pharaoh, rather than mere spouse, carried on to her successor. Interestingly, Nefertiti also assumed some kingly positions in art, as her mother-in-law did (she was shown smiting enemies in a typical pharaonic pose).